Southeast Asia is a bio-cultural hotspot encompassing about 20% of global plant, animal and marine species. The region contains three mega diverse countries — Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines — where four of the world’s 25 biodiversity hotspots are located. Its montane ecosystems are particularly noted for their high diversity of ferns, mosses and orchids.
However the region’s diverse biological resources are currently threatened by many climatic and human related factors. Even though the number of species that has actually become extinct from the region is small, the relatively recent widespread deforestation and the associated fragmentation of natural habitats is expected to accelerate biodiversity decline in the coming years.
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